AFVP - A Realistic Ventricular Rhythm Model During AF 1.0.0

/***********************************************************
  vpintv.c

  Algorithm(s) for ventricular rate stabilization.

  Author: Jie Lian
************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

#define MAXRATE        120    // maximum VP rate
#define MINRATE        50     // minimum VP rate

double GetVpIntv(double x,double y,double z,int i);
double adaptive_VRS(double x, double y);
double wittkampf_VRS(double x, double y);

/*********************************************************************
GetVpIntv: get next ventricular pace interval
*********************************************************************/

double GetVpIntv(double RR,double BI,double VpIntv, int method)
{
 double NextVpIntv;

 // apply appropriate ventricular rate smoothing algorithms below
 switch (method) {
    case 0:
       NextVpIntv = BI;
       break;
    case 1:
       NextVpIntv = adaptive_VRS(RR,VpIntv);
       break;
    case 2:
       NextVpIntv = wittkampf_VRS(RR,VpIntv);
       break;
    default:
       NextVpIntv = BI;
       break;
 }

 return NextVpIntv;
}

/*********************************************************************
adaptive_VRS: adaptive VRS algorithm
   see Lian J et al., Proc IEEE-EMBS, 3881-3884, 2005.
*********************************************************************/

double adaptive_VRS(double RR, double VpIntv)
{
   double alpha,beta,delta;
   double PIZH,PIZL,TIH,TIL;
   static double NextVpIntv=0.6;
   char str[40];

   alpha = 0.1; beta = 0.1; delta = 0.0;
   PIZH = 0.8; PIZL = 0.7;
   TIH = (60/MINRATE+PIZH)/2;
   TIL = (PIZL+PIZH)/2;

   if (RR<PIZL) {
      delta = TIH-RR;
      NextVpIntv = RR+alpha*delta;
      sprintf(str,"Increase");
   }
   else if (RR<=PIZH && RR>=VpIntv) {
      delta = TIH-RR;
      NextVpIntv = RR+alpha*delta;
      sprintf(str,"Increase");
   }
   else if (RR>PIZH) {
      delta = RR-TIL;
      NextVpIntv = RR-beta*delta;
      sprintf(str,"Decrease");
   }
   else {
      NextVpIntv = VpIntv;
      sprintf(str,"unchanged");
   }

   NextVpIntv = (int)(NextVpIntv*1000+0.5)/1000.0;
//   printf("RRI:%lf delta:%lf VpINTV:%lf %s\n",RR,delta,NextVpIntv,str);
   return NextVpIntv;
}

/*********************************************************************
wittkampf_VRS: dynamic overdrive pacing VRS algorithm.
   see Wittkampf & Jongste, PACE, vol 9, no 6(pt.2) 1147-1153, 1986.
*********************************************************************/

double wittkampf_VRS(double RR, double VpIntv)
{
   static double NextVpIntv=0.6;
   char msg[40];
   double dec, inc;

   dec = 0.01;    // decrease 10 ms
   inc = 0.001;   // increase 1 ms

   if (RR>=VpIntv) {   // following a paced beat
       NextVpIntv = VpIntv+inc;
       sprintf(msg,"Vpace, increase VPI by 1 ms");
   }
   else {              // following a sensed beat
       NextVpIntv = VpIntv-dec;
       sprintf(msg,"Vsense, decrease VPI by 10 ms");
   }

   NextVpIntv = (NextVpIntv>60/MINRATE)? 60/MINRATE:NextVpIntv;
   NextVpIntv = (NextVpIntv<60/MAXRATE)? 60/MAXRATE:NextVpIntv;
   NextVpIntv = (int)(NextVpIntv*1000+0.5)/1000.0;

//   printf("RRI:%lf, VpINTV:%lf %s\n",RR,NextVpIntv,msg);
   return NextVpIntv;
}